Supreme Court Relaxes Green Cracker Rules Ahead of Festive Season

In a significant development ahead of the festive season, the Supreme Court of India on September 30 relaxed the regulatory framework for the redesigned 'Gen-2' joined green crackers, allowing their use subject to conditions stipulated by the National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI). The order effectively permits the manufacture, sale, and use of these crackers, which are engineered to reduce particulate emissions, while maintaining oversight by the apex court and NEERI.

The 'Gen-2' joined green crackers are an advanced version of earlier green crackers, designed to further minimize air pollution. NEERI, a Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) laboratory, has set specific conditions regarding chemical composition, emission limits, and testing protocols. The Supreme Court's decision comes after a series of hearings on air quality management during festivals, balancing environmental concerns with the livelihoods of firecracker manufacturers and the cultural practices of millions of Indians. Previously, the court had imposed strict bans on conventional crackers in pollution-prone areas, but the new order provides a regulated pathway for eco-friendly alternatives.

The relaxation is expected to bring relief to the firecracker industry, particularly in Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, which produces over 90% of India's fireworks. However, environmental activists have expressed cautious optimism, urging strict enforcement of NEERI conditions to prevent a surge in pollution. State governments are now tasked with implementing the order, including monitoring and public awareness campaigns. The Supreme Court has directed periodic reviews to assess the impact on air quality, with the next hearing likely after the festive season. This order underscores the ongoing judicial effort to reconcile public health, environmental sustainability, and cultural traditions in India.